Information for the following biographies was derived from several sources including, but not limited to, the United States census records (1880, 1885, 1900, 1910, and 1920) indexed by Nancy Manly without whom this work would have been nearly impossible, Leadville city directories (most issues from 1879 through 1918, inclusive) and telephone books (1919 and later), Lake County marriage and cemetery records also arranged by Nancy Manly, Don L. and Jean Harvey Griswold's wonderful and extensive History of Leadville and Lake County, Colorado, Ida Libert Uchill's Pioneers, Peddlers, and Tsadikim, Allen duPont Breck's The Centennial History of the Jews of Colorado, and, importantly, contributions from descendants and friends.
* denotes biographies of a more general interest.